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Online misinformation about contraception, unintended pregnancy and abortion takes various forms in the Netherlands and is disseminated by a range of parties, from influencers to political organisations. This is revealed in the exploratory study “Echo Chambers and Filter Bubbles” by Rutgers and Fiom, commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.
Misinformation about reproductive health online takes many different forms. Not all claims are factually incorrect, but they may be one-sided or misleading, which can affect informed decision-making. For example, hormonal contraceptive methods are often portrayed in a negative light, whilst alternatives such as period tracking apps are presented in a positive light. There are misconceptions surrounding unintended pregnancy, such as the idea that it mainly affects young women with multiple sexual partners, which is not true. Misinformation about abortion may include false claims about the medical risks and psychological consequences of having an abortion.
Based on existing research, it is difficult to determine the impact of online misinformation on reproductive choices. Exposure does not automatically lead to false beliefs, and reproductive decisions are influenced by a range of factors.
According to the researchers, there is no clear risk group for susceptibility to misinformation, although young people are more likely to encounter misinformation due to their strong online presence, and people facing an unplanned pregnancy are more likely to seek information online.
The way information spreads varies depending on the topic and takes place via channels such as social media, where influencers, commercial entities and campaign groups all play a role. Algorithms exacerbate this by giving dramatic or eye-catching stories greater visibility than ‘dry’ facts. As a platform, social media is not designed to provide information, but rather to entertain. This can result in a distorted picture.
There is no simple solution, the researchers argue. However, better, accessible communication that is relevant to people’s everyday lives can help to provide them with accurate information, enabling them to recognise misinformation more easily. Furthermore, debunking misinformation can be effective, provided it is done carefully.
Based on the findings of this study, a number of strategies are now being tested to reduce the impact of misinformation about reproductive health.